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Issues List: Title and Authors of Paper( Volume 4,Issue 1)

1 Jun 25, 2016

GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR SURFACE RUNOFF AND TRANSPORT CAPACITY MODELING

Soil erosion, surface runoff, watershed analysis studies have largely been neglected in the past. Only studies connected to specific developments, mainly mining and hydropower, have been carried out. Some of these studies show very high intensities of erosion, indicating that certain areas of Papua New Guinea are among the most geomorphologically dynamic areas on the earth. The advance application of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques helps to estimate watershed characteristics, surface runoff and soil loss based on different parameters. Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global DEM data and Landsat satellite image are used for morphometric analysis of the Busu watershed (1311.32 sq km). Different mandatory inputs parameters to the model, namely the land use/land cover, hydrological soil characteristics, rainfall data, Potential Maximum Retention, Weighted Curve Number for SCS model; and rainfall and runoff , soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, crop management and conservation practice factor for RUSLE, have been derived either from remote sensing data or from conventional data collection systems. Finally transport capacity of Busu watershed is derived using estimated storm runoff, cover and slope factor. ArcGIS v10.1 software is used to store, manipulate, analysis, and modeling of soil loss, runoff calculation and watershed analysis. The average drainage density of this watershed is computed as 0.6 km/sq km with the average slope measuring about 51.72%, maximum relative relief of 496 m and a maximum ruggedness index of 0.29. The result also estimates an average of 80 % of total rainfall flowing out as surface runoff. The average soil loss of Busu watershed is calculated as 0.79 tons/hectare/year. Model predict a transport of 162 tons in 3-days storm rainfall of 229 mm with an average slope of 51.72 % of the study area. Pixel-by-pixel spatial mapping for the entire watershed is carried out using these results. The study underscores that the integrated approach of SCS, RSLUE and transport capacity model with RS and GIS technologies have great potential for modeling of different hydrological parameters and producing risk maps in any watershed of Papua New Guinea after gathering geospatial data....

Authors: Sailesh Samanta.

2 Jun 25, 2016

IDENTIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES IN HARD ROCK TERRAIN OF THIRUVANNAMALAI-TAMILNADU, INDIA – A GEOMATICS BASED APPROACH

Ground water is interest due to scarcity of good quality subsurface water and growing need of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purpose usage. It has become crucial not only for target for groundwater potential zones, but also important monitoring and conserving this important resource (CGWB, 1985). In hard rock terrains, available for groundwater is of particularly limited. Occurrence of groundwater in such rocks is essentially confined to fractured and weathered horizons (Uday Kumar et. al., 2010).The present work accentuated the expediency of Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications in subsurface water studies, especially in the identified as potential zone of groundwater in hard rock terrain. The information on geology, geomorphology, slope, lineaments and land use/land cover was gathered from Landsat ETM + data and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets of scale 1:50,000 in addition, The composite map generated under GIS platform was further classified according to the spatial variation of the groundwater potential. Three categories of groundwater potential zones namely poor, moderate, good were demarcated. The geomorphological units like deep pediment, valley fills,bazada zone and alluvial plain ranked to potential zones for groundwater exploration and development, valley fills associated with lineaments is highly promising area for groundwater potential zones. The spatial variation of the potential zone indicates that groundwater occurrence is controlled by structure of geology, slope and landforms....

Authors: Sivakumar.S, Lakshumanan.C, ,Rajesh.J, Karthick. P.

3 Jun 25, 2016

GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL OF UPPER BUDAMERU RIVER CATCHMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

Budameru is the second largest watershed that joins Kolleru Lake, which is having an area of about 1826 Sq. Km. The Upper Budameru river catchment is digitized with the aid of geospatial data. Drainage, water resources, land use and transport network carried out using IRS P6 LISS-III satellite data. The catchment area comprises of two districts and it is covered in 12 mandals and 120 villages. Nearly 143 habita-tions are located in them. Most of the habitations are villag-es developed mostly along the banks of river Budameru. Out of 143 habitations, 89 are situated close to the river Buda-meru. The drainage pattern of the upper Budameru area is evenly distributed and the predominant drainage pattern is dendritic. The transport network is good. Land use study indicates that the most of the area is under agriculture, and dense forest cover....

Authors: T. Rambabu, P. Sankara Pitchaiah , P.Raghuram, P.A.R.K. Raju.

4 Jun 25, 2016

A REVIEW ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES IN WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GROUNDWATER

Water is one of the most important natural resource and physi-ological necessity to mankind. Fresh water is one of the basic necessities for sustenance of life. Use and development of wa-ter resource in a sustainable manner is very important in mod-ern age due to regular increase in water crises. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are very powerful tools for analyzing and manipulating the data for the purpose of water resource devel-opment and management. GIS technology provides suitable alternatives for efficient management of large and complex databases. The greatest advantage of using Remote Sensing data for hydrological modeling and monitoring is its ability to generate information in spatial and temporal domain. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are found efficient to minimize the time, labor and money and are able to make quick decisions for Sustainable water resources management. Remotely sensed data are most useful where they are combined with numerical modeling, geographic information systems, and ground-based information. In short both these techniques play a great role in the field of hydrology for water resources development and management. The review paper highlights Remote Sensing and GIS techniques and presents a brief review on the application of these two emerging techniques for groundwater resource management and development....

Authors: Gaurav Tiwari, J. P. Shukla.

5 Jun 25, 2016

APPROACH FOR ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF RISAT-1 SAR DATA USING STANDARD TARGET

Just like any other mechanical instrument SAR sensorsalso add its own noise to the received signals. Also even putting the best efforts in precaution and post-caution of SAR sensor design, development and satellite launch; once the sensor is in orbit its resulting data will fluctuate from laboratory tests. This fluctuation amount varies from sensor to sensor. Also each SAR sensor?s transmit power levels may vary which results in different received power for same illuminated area from different sensors (keeping all system and target properties same). Calibration provides a solution to above problems. Radiometric calibration procedure of SAR data provides a reference mechanism to SAR amplitude data and calibration constant is the key to get a radiometric calibrated SAR image. By using this calibration constant digital numbers are converted to backscattering coefficient. Using standard targets is the most efficient way to perform radiometric calibration of SAR data. Impulse response function is generated from deployed standard targets which initiates the process to derive calibration constant. This paper uses integral box method as an approach to derive calibration constant of RISAT-1 SAR data. Also an equation has been derived to calibrate various beam modes of RISAT-1 SAR data using the derived calibration constant....

Authors: Mayank D Mishra, Parul Patel, HariShanker Srivastava, A Shukla, P R Patel, A K Shukla .

6 Jun 25, 2016

STUDY OF DIGHORA MICROWATERSHED, CHHATTISGARH THROUGH REMOTE SENSING & GIS

An integrated watershed management planning of land use is always taken a primary source. The Earth Resource Technology Satellites and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellites have been extensively used for deriving information on geological and hydrogeomorphological features, soil resources, land use/land cover and forest resources. The present study signifies the effective use of Remote Sensing and GIS for watershed monitoring and impact assessment on the Dighora micro watershed area which has located in Janjgeer-Champa district of Chhattisgarh. The Landsat TM satellite data of 2009 and Survey of India toposheet were used to prepare base map, drainage layer, water bodies map and Land Use Land Cover map. The study indicates that the maximum 62.16% land cover was recorded for agriculture whereas the scrub land, settlement area and water bodies covers 9.59%, 4.91% and 23.34% respectively....

Authors: Mukeshkant, P R Singh, Ajay K Singh, Dilip Kumar.

7 Jun 25, 2016

LAND USE/LAND COVER MAPPING & CHANGE ANALYSIS OF NATHUSARI CHOPTA BLOCK OF SIRSA DISTRICT, HARYANA - USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

Land-use/land-cover change is an important field in global environmental change research. Inventory and monitoring of land-use/land-cover changes are indispensable aspects for further understanding of change mechanism and modeling the impact of change on the environment and associated ecosystems at different scales. Remote sensing is a valuable data source from which land-use/land-cover change information can be extracted efficiently. In present study, Nathusari chopta block of Sirsa district was carried out. IRS-P6 AWiFS satellite data for three seasons i.e. Kharif, Rabi and Zaid for the year 2007and 2009-10 was used for interpretation of the LU/LC in the study area adopting WGS-84 datum and UTM projection system. The interpretation and analysis of satellite data was carried out by using on-screen interpretation technique on 1:50,000 scale for 2007 and 2009-10 respectively. A common or union layer was generated on the basis of vector layers of both years 2007& 2009-10. Using this common vector layer, changes between all land use/ land cover categories during 2007and 2009-10 were calculated....

Authors: Kaptan Singh, Sandeep Kumar, Anil Kumar.

8 Jun 25, 2016

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFIER FOR MULTIPLE CROP CLASSIFICATION

This experiment is design and developed based on Sup-port Vector Machine (SVM) for crop classification using LISS-III imagery dataset. This study was carried out with techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) based crop discrimina-tion and area estimation with single date approach. Several kernel functions are employed and compared in this study for mapping the input space with including linear, sigmoid, and polynomial and Radial Basis Function (RBF). This pa-per illustrated the results using dataset of Aurangabad dis-trict with classification of four types of crops including cot-ton, maize, sugarcane and Bajara. Comparative analysis clearly explored that higher overall classification accuracy (94.82%) was observed in the kernel based SVM compared with that of traditional pixel-based classification (69.64%) using maximum likelihood classifier (MLC). From the expe-rimental results we observe that the overall performance of the system is achieved 94.82% using SVM with kernel func-tions including linear kernel, Radial Basis Function, Sigmoid and Polynomial with degree 3 compared with other degree and penalty parameter. The author recommended that the SVM with kernel functions including linear kernel is the best choice for multiple crop classification....

Authors: Rupali R. Surase, Karbhari V. Kale.

9 Jun 25, 2016

LAND CAPABILITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IN THE STUDY AREA OF KALYANDURG, BRAHMASAMUDRAM AND SETTURU MANDALS OF ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, AP, INDIA: USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

The Present study Area comprising three Mandals Namely Kalyandurg, Brahmasamudram and Setturu Mandals of Ananthapur district of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the middle of the peninsular region and is confined to southwestern part of Andhra Pradesh and it is located in the drought prone area of Rayalaseema region; the total geographical area of the study area is 1101.25 Sq Km. The present paper examines the Land Capability Classification System in the study area of Kalyandurg. The Land Capability classes identified using LISS-IV Satellite Data (2012), Soils Maps, SOI Topo Maps and Other Resource Maps. Satellite Data Collected from National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Soil and other Resource Maps Collected from Agriculture Department and Soil testing Laboratory and Topographical Maps collected from Survey of India. In this study 6 Land capability classes identified namely 1. Class- lls-llle- It covers about 17.85%of the study area. 2. Class-IIIs- It covers about 60.54 % of the study area. 3. Class-IIIes- It covers about 10.09 % of the study area. 4. Class-VI- It covers about 1.63 % of the study area. 5. Class-VII- It covers about 4.86 % of the study area. 6. Class-VIe-VIIes- It covers about 5.03 % of the study area. In this study, land capability classification provides broad generalization of lands based on soil potentialities, limitation in land use and management problems in the study area....

Authors: K. Rghuveer Naidu, R.Nagaraja, Y.V.Ramanaiah.

10 Jun 25, 2016

GROUNDWATER PROSPECTS STUDIES OF KOLASIB DISTRICT, MIZORAM, INDIA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

Exploration of groundwater in areas having complex geologic formation like Mizoram requires implementa-tion of effective tools that save time and money. Kola-sib district of Mizoram, India is blessed with abundant rainfall and number of perennial streams. However, large amount of rain water is lost through runoff due to rugged topography and high degree of slopes. This leads to the insufficiency of water resources within the district. In this study, geographic information systems (GIS) tools and remote sensing data were used to detect the promising sites for groundwater exploration. Impor-tant geospatial factors which are responsible for the occurrence of groundwater within the district were identified. Accordingly, five thematic layers viz., land use / land cover, slope morphometry, geomorphology, lithology, geological structures like faults and linea-ments were generated. These thematic layers were ranked and weighted based on their relative importance in deriving the potentiality of ground water. Each class within a thematic layer was assigned an ordinal rating from 1 to 10 as attribute information in the GIS envi-ronment. These attribute values were then multiplied by the corresponding rank values of the thematic layers. The final map shows the different classes of ground water potential zones within the district which can be utilize for exploration and development of groundwater resources....

Authors: F. Lalbiakmawia.

11 Jun 25, 2016

A STUDY OF TEMPORAL CHANGE IN LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT IN PATNA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OVER A PERIOD OF 25 YEARS (1989 – 2014) USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUE

It has become a fact which has been proved many times with scientific data that with the increase in urbanization the natural environment is negatively affected resulting in change in the micro climate of the given area. The variations in Land Surface Temperature (LST) with in a Municipal area are of highest concern to the study the urban climate and human-environment interactions. The present study investi-gates the temporal change in surface temperature of Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) using Remote sensing data. For this purpose radiometric and geometric correction of the satellite data was done, further estimation of surface temper-ature was done using the required Band math for different Satellite sensors and finally spatiotemporal model and statis-tical techniques were used to determine the variations in Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Patna Municipal Corpora-tion (PMC). The results were proportional to the assump-tions, the dense built up and commercial / Residential areas show higher surface temperature in comparison with adjoin-ing areas while the Urban Greens (vegetations) were the cooler part of the Municipal area....

Authors: M. Ashraf.

12 Jun 25, 2016

MONITORING OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND ANALYZING OF ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION ON ASANSOL AND DURGAPUR SUB-DIVISION, BURDWAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL USING LANDSAT IMAGERY

Anthropogenic activities have increased the temperature of urban areas as compared to its surrounding rural areas, and a climatic island is created which is termed as urban heat island (UHI). Calculating Land Surface Temperature (LST) is the primary and an important step in the urban heat island analysis as it is mainly represented in the spatial distribution of Land Surface Temperature (LST). The monitoring of Land Surface Temperature (LST) has been done using Landsat imagery of Asansol and Durgapur sub-division of Burdwan district, West Bengal. Mono-window algorithm has been used which basically focuses on four parameters for computing land surface temperature. These are, at sensor brightness temperature which is calculated from DN values of the image; emissivity which calculated from NDVI values; Atmospheric transmittance calculated from water vapour content and mean atmospheric temperature using near surface air temperature. Erdas imagine model maker tool has been used to build model for calculating land surface temperature. A comparative study has been made for past 30 years to evaluate changes in land surface temperature over the specified time span. The prediction has also been made for the same. Studies show that the rapid rate of urbanization is greatly responsible for increasing land surface temperature on Asansol and Durgapur sub-division of Burdwan district....

Authors: Amrit Kamila, Subodh Chandra Pal.

13 Jun 25, 2016

FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT) ANALYSIS ON NDVI TIME SERIES FOR ASSESSMENT OF VEGETATION PATTERNS IN GHANA

Time series analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery is a powerful tool in studying vegetation phenology in data scarce and inaccessible areas. Application of these datasets involves typically, per-pixel analysis of multi-temporal vegetation indices (VIs), which are frequently subject to high-frequency fluctuations (i.e. noise) caused by changing atmospheric conditions and varying sun-sensor-surface geometries. A broad range of NDVI noise-reduction strategies are applied in an effort to either reduce or if possible remove completely such embedded noise in these dataset. In light of this, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a noise reducing algorithm in Erdas Imagine was applied to two averaged NOAA - AVHRR NDVI images acquired from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) for Africa. The two averaged images were calculated from 792 NDVI images representing 1996 (i.e. 1986 -1996, 396 images) and 2006 (i.e. 1996 -2006, 396 images). Supervised clustering and maximum likelihood classifications algorithm were used to classify the NDVI dataset and vegetation maps representing 1996 and 2006 produced. These maps were visually assessed for land cover changes during the 10 year period for Ghana, and the comparison shows an alarming 11.10% increase in Grassland / Bare Surface and Settlement most probably due to increase in population. Closed or Evergreen forest decreased by 0.39%, whereas Mixture of Closed and Open Forest increased by 5.95% due to conscious effort of reafforestation programs by the government....

Authors: Gilbert Kobla Quarshie, Edward Matthew Osei Jn, Benjamin E. Kwasi Prah, Adwoa Sarpong Amoah.

14 Jun 25, 2016

GIS BASED EVALUATION OF SOIL-EROSION SUSCEPTIBLE REGIONS AND CONSERVATION PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSHED

For enhancing groundwater and surface water resources in arid and semi-arid regions watershed management and sustainable development plans are essential. For preparing such plans, understanding the topographical features, erosion status, basin management and physiographic characteristics of the basin is essential. Analysis of morphometric parame-ters gives an identification of sub-watershed which is ero-sion prone and requires soil erosion control measures to pre-serve the land from further erosion. Quantitative description of basin geometry i.e. morphometric analysis was done to find out the drainage characteristics of Shipra River basin located in Madhya Pradesh of Central India using SRTM imageries and GIS techniques. The Shipra River basin is a fairly well-drained basin with a dendritic and parallel drai-nage pattern. The main stream of the basin is sixth order and lower order i.e. first order stream dominates the basin and stream segment development is affected by slope and local relief. The results revealed that the SW 28 (sub-watershed) has the highest priority while SW 41 has the lowest priority which is based on morphometric parameters. Thus one can say that Sub-watershed 28, 25, 2, 11, and 27 are erosion sus-ceptible and require suitable water and soil erosion control measures to preserve the land from further erosion. It has been well proven in the study that for understanding and computation of various terrain parameters and analysis of basin, Geomatics techniques is an effective tool. Thus, present study finds utility of GIS in river basin evaluation, basin prioritization for soil and water conservation and natu-ral resource management....

Authors: Padam Jee Omar.

15 Jun 25, 2016

EVALUATION OF THIRD DIMENSION OF FRACTURE CONTROLLED LINEAMENTS FOR PROSPECTING GROUND WATER OF PART OF SOUTH INDIA THROUGH REMOTE SENSING & GIS

As the available surface water resources are too dispropor-tionate to cope up man?s needs, the man has aggressively and competitively started mining the ground water reservoirs all over the world. In the initial phases of ground water ex-ploration, the man has exploited all the visibly seen ground water provinces of the earth for his needs. As that too has got exhausted, he was forced to search for more and more hidden ground water reservoirs. It is widely accepted that all over the world, the ground water is controlled by the primary porosity in sedimentary formations and by the second poros-ity in the hard rock areas. Though it has been a tuff task to went for ground water in hard rock aquifer systems, hence the man has been using all the possible and available tech-niques like Hydro geological mapping Geophysical explora-tion, Hydro geochemical exploration and the high technolo-gy like Remote sensing in the recent years . Lineament anal-ysis for ground water exploration in study area has consider-able importance as joint/fractures and Faults serve as con-duits for movement of groundwater. Hence in the Remote Sensing technology the lineament analysis is an important one for ground water prospecting....

Authors: P.Venkata Ramireddy, G.V.Padma, N. Balayerikala Reddy.

16 Jun 25, 2016

ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL SYSTEM AND THE SOIL MANAGEMENT IN THE STUDY AREA OF KALYANDURG, BRAHMASAMUDRAM AND SETTURU MANDALS OF ANANTAPUR DISTRICT, AP, INDIA: USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

The present paper Examine the soil system and Soil Management in the study area of Kalyandurg, Brahmasamudram and Setturu mandals of Anantapur District, A.P. India. It is located in the middle of the peninsular region and it is confined to southwestern part of Andhra Pradesh and it is located in the drought prone area of Rayalaseema region; the total geographical area of the study area is 1101.25 Sq Km. In this study identify the Soil Classes, Soil depth, Soil slope, Surface soil texture, Soil Gravellines, Soil Calcareousness, Potential Soil Loss, Soil Degradation, Soil Fertility status, Salinity of the soils and Soil Erosion in the study area. Total 8 Soil Classes identified namely 1. Alluvio-colluvial clayey soils covering 3261.71 ha. (2.96%), 2. Medium calcareous black soils covering 582.24 ha (0.53%), 3 Red gravelly clay soils covering 42175.00 ha. (38.30%), 4. Red gravelly loamy soils 8432.76 ha (7.66%), 5.Red shallow gravelly clay soils covering 29789.48 ha. (27.05 %), 6. Red shallow gravelly loamy soils covering 8276.73 ha. (7.52%), 7. Red shallow loamy soils covering 4399.32 ha. (3.99%), 8. Saline-sodic soils covering 13209.01 ha (11.99 %). The study area covered with Red soils with 95 percent and Black soils over the rest of the area. For this study LISS-IV Satellite Data collected from NRSC (National Remote Sensing Centre), Topographical Maps collected from Survey of India (SOI) and Soil Maps and other data collected from Agriculture and Soil Department....

Authors: K. RAGHUVEER NAIDU, R.NAGARAGA, Y.V.RAMANAIAH.

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2020 will be published on 30 August 2020. Posted by Admin.